{"id":76487,"date":[],"date_gmt":"2016-07-25T14:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apsaidal.com\/primary-school-in-balaguina-joop-jurriaan-van-stigt\/"},"modified":"2023-12-27T22:15:22","modified_gmt":"2023-12-27T21:15:22","slug":"primary-school-in-balaguina-joop-jurriaan-van-stigt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apsaidal.com\/pt-pt\/primary-school-in-balaguina-joop-jurriaan-van-stigt\/","title":{"rendered":"Escola Prim\u00e1ria em Balaguina \/ Joop and Jurriaan van Stigt"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"76487\" class=\"elementor elementor-76487 elementor-1720\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ee80c08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ee80c08\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4709a681\" data-id=\"4709a681\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71bf5f76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71bf5f76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em><em>Descri\u00e7\u00e3o dos arquitectos. <\/em><\/em>O local do projecto est\u00e1 localizado na aldeia rural de Balaguina, na regi\u00e3o Dogon do Mali (declarada Patrim\u00f3nio Mundial em 1986), \u00c1frica Ocidental. Uma chave importante para melhorar as condi\u00e7\u00f5es de vida da popula\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 o desenvolvimento da educa\u00e7\u00e3o. A velha escola de Balaguina estava situada num hangar mal constru\u00eddo e dilapidado. Este projecto constr\u00f3i um novo edif\u00edcio para satisfazer as necessidades do n\u00famero crescente de estudantes. O projecto n\u00e3o diz apenas respeito \u00e0 constru\u00e7\u00e3o de um novo edif\u00edcio escolar: a organiza\u00e7\u00e3o do ensino e a realiza\u00e7\u00e3o de constru\u00e7\u00f5es de apoio, tais como po\u00e7os e habita\u00e7\u00f5es para professores, s\u00e3o essenciais para fazer deste projecto um sucesso.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_110294\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-110294\" style=\"width: 660px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?ssl=1\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" class=\"wp-image-110294 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?resize=660%2C371&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?resize=600%2C338&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?resize=750%2C422&amp;ssl=1 750w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?resize=1140%2C641&amp;ssl=1 1140w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?w=1320&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-110294\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of Foundation Dogon Education<\/figcaption><\/figure><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>CONTEXTO<\/strong><\/p><p>A aldeia situa-se no planalto de Pinari, a cerca de 40 quil\u00f3metros a sudeste de Mopti e a 500 quil\u00f3metros da capital, Bamako. Esta zona est\u00e1 localizada na zona do Sahel, que se caracteriza por uma altern\u00e2ncia de esta\u00e7\u00e3o seca e chuvosa. A esta\u00e7\u00e3o das chuvas dura cerca de cinco meses entre Maio e Setembro. Durante este per\u00edodo, o ambiente \u00e9 esverdeado e florido, e a temperatura atinge 40-45 \u00b0C. A \u00e1rea torna-se uma paisagem \u00e1rida na esta\u00e7\u00e3o seca. Embora as actividades de constru\u00e7\u00e3o ocorram durante todo o ano, a melhor altura para a constru\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 ap\u00f3s a esta\u00e7\u00e3o das chuvas. Durante o per\u00edodo de colheita, que dura at\u00e9 Outubro, a disponibilidade de trabalhadores \u00e9 baixa, uma vez que estes trabalham nos campos.<\/p><p>A escola est\u00e1 situada na estrada para Nando e outras aldeias circundantes. O local foi cuidadosamente escolhido em conjunto com os alde\u00f5es. V\u00e1rios aspectos principais determinaram a sua localiza\u00e7\u00e3o: j\u00e1 existia um po\u00e7o perto do terreno, que podia ser utilizado durante o processo de constru\u00e7\u00e3o e pelas crian\u00e7as no futuro; a escola serve n\u00e3o s\u00f3 as crian\u00e7as de Balaguina, mas tamb\u00e9m as crian\u00e7as das tr\u00eas aldeias circundantes. Por conseguinte, tinha de ser facilmente acess\u00edvel para os 180-200 alunos provenientes de diferentes locais.<\/p><p>Ao localizar a escola fora de Balaguina, na estrada para as aldeias circundantes, o edif\u00edcio &#8220;pertence&#8221; a todas elas. Outra raz\u00e3o para este local \u00e9 que um edif\u00edcio escolar n\u00e3o se enquadra na organiza\u00e7\u00e3o tradicional da aldeia Dogon, consistindo em casas de fam\u00edlia, casas de homens\/mulheres (separadas) e altares.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_110296\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-110296\" style=\"width: 660px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?ssl=1\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" class=\"size-large wp-image-110296\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?resize=660%2C371&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?resize=600%2C338&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?resize=750%2C422&amp;ssl=1 750w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?resize=1140%2C641&amp;ssl=1 1140w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?w=1320&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-110296\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of Foundation Dogon Education<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>PRINCIPIOS B\u00c1SICOS<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de materiais locais \/ tecnologias de base<\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Um dos principais crit\u00e9rios foi a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos e materiais locais para realizar uma constru\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f3mica e sustent\u00e1vel, que se integra com a paisagem e se adapta aos m\u00e9todos tradicionais de constru\u00e7\u00e3o local. Este progresso tem inspirado esfor\u00e7os semelhantes noutros locais; a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de blocos de terra comprimida e t\u00e9cnicas de constru\u00e7\u00e3o inovadoras foram adoptadas noutros projectos na regi\u00e3o.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Processo educativo \/ Envolvimento da comunidade<\/em><\/p><p>O objectivo deste projecto n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas construir um edif\u00edcio escolar que funcione bem, mas tamb\u00e9m oferecer aos estudantes e \u00e0 popula\u00e7\u00e3o local a oportunidade de aprenderem sobre a constru\u00e7\u00e3o. O processo de constru\u00e7\u00e3o desempenha um papel importante no desenvolvimento sustent\u00e1vel das t\u00e9cnicas tradicionais de constru\u00e7\u00e3o local.<\/p><p>O empreiteiro e os artes\u00e3os locais trabalharam em estreita colabora\u00e7\u00e3o com os alunos da Escola T\u00e9cnica S\u00e9var\u00e9 durante todas as fases do processo de constru\u00e7\u00e3o. Foram tomadas medidas cuidadosas para melhorar e refinar os m\u00e9todos de constru\u00e7\u00e3o na continua\u00e7\u00e3o dos m\u00e9todos, tradi\u00e7\u00f5es e conhecimentos existentes.<\/p><p>A participa\u00e7\u00e3o comunit\u00e1ria foi muito importante, n\u00e3o s\u00f3 porque a constru\u00e7\u00e3o em conjunto faz parte da tradi\u00e7\u00e3o Dogon, mas tamb\u00e9m para criar uma responsabilidade comunit\u00e1ria para a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o do edif\u00edcio no futuro. Al\u00e9m disso, os pedreiros adquiriram novos conhecimentos e experi\u00eancia, para construir independentemente e desenvolver a sua pr\u00f3pria linguagem arquitect\u00f3nica com base nos blocos de terra comprimida.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_110304\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-110304\" style=\"width: 660px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?ssl=1\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" class=\"size-large wp-image-110304\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?resize=660%2C371&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?resize=600%2C338&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?resize=750%2C422&amp;ssl=1 750w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?resize=1140%2C641&amp;ssl=1 1140w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?w=1320&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-110304\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of Foundation Dogon Education<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Confort\u00e1vel clima interior<\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Como a temperatura atinge facilmente 40 graus C e ainda mais alta, era essencial gerar um clima interior confort\u00e1vel. Foram necess\u00e1rias solu\u00e7\u00f5es de desenho inteligentes e a escolha certa de materiais. O telhado de blocos de terra comprimida em vez de chapas de cart\u00e3o ondulado e tubos de ventila\u00e7\u00e3o contribuiu para um clima agrad\u00e1vel.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>DESENHO<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Assembleia<\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">O projecto consiste na escola, casas dos professores, blocos sanit\u00e1rios, um po\u00e7o e um espa\u00e7o comunit\u00e1rio ao ar livre. A terra ser\u00e1 rodeada por plantas Jatropha para oferecer alguma protec\u00e7\u00e3o contra animais. O \u00f3leo proveniente das plantas ser\u00e1 utilizado para o fabrico de biodiesel combust\u00edvel. A escola tem de cumprir os requisitos estabelecidos pelo governo e pela PAC (Centro de Animaci\u00f3n Pedag\u00f3gica). As escolas s\u00e3o geralmente constitu\u00eddas por grupos de tr\u00eas salas de aula. As salas de aula devem ter 7 x 9 metros e servir cerca de 60 alunos. A escola em Balaguina \u00e9 constru\u00edda em duas fases, a fim de fazer face ao n\u00famero crescente de alunos. A primeira fase consiste num edif\u00edcio de tr\u00eas salas com um terra\u00e7o em ambos os lados. A segunda fase compreende outro edif\u00edcio de tr\u00eas salas, localizado perto da estrada. Entre estes edif\u00edcios encontra-se um grupo de \u00e1rvores para fornecer sombra. O bloco de habita\u00e7\u00e3o dos professores est\u00e1 disposto na borda do local e cada um tem o seu pr\u00f3prio p\u00e1tio fechado por tradicionais grades de pedra cortada feitas pelos alde\u00f5es de Balaguina. O bloco de habita\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 composto por tr\u00eas casas, cada uma com a sua pr\u00f3pria orienta\u00e7\u00e3o. O gabinete do director est\u00e1 de frente para a escola, para que ele tenha uma boa vis\u00e3o do conjunto. As casas dos professores n\u00e3o se encontram na aldeia, pois a aldeia \u00e9 para as fam\u00edlias; os professores v\u00eam de outras aldeias e n\u00e3o t\u00eam fam\u00edlia em Balaguina. O bloco sanit\u00e1rio est\u00e1 localizado na esquina do terreno, facilmente acess\u00edvel para alunos e professores. O po\u00e7o da escola foi constru\u00eddo no outro lado da estrada, pelo que tamb\u00e9m pode ser utilizado pelos alde\u00f5es e os terrenos da escola ainda s\u00e3o para os alunos. A posi\u00e7\u00e3o da escola, das casas e do bloco sanit\u00e1rio foi determinada pelas \u00e1rvores existentes que tiveram de ser preservadas.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_110308\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-110308\" style=\"width: 660px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?ssl=1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" class=\"size-large wp-image-110308\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?resize=660%2C371&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?resize=600%2C338&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?resize=750%2C422&amp;ssl=1 750w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?resize=1140%2C641&amp;ssl=1 1140w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?w=1320&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-110308\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of Foundation Dogon Education<\/figcaption><\/figure><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>A Escola<\/em><\/p><p>A arquitectura da escola e das casas dos professores est\u00e1 intimamente relacionada com as tradi\u00e7\u00f5es de constru\u00e7\u00e3o locais. A utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de blocos de terra comprimida permite uma integra\u00e7\u00e3o perfeita com o ambiente, uma vez que quase todas as aldeias Dogon se misturam na paisagem. A linguagem formal \u00e9 um resultado claro dos requisitos funcionais.<\/p><p>A estrutura da escola \u00e9 a \u00fanica com dois terra\u00e7os ao longo das salas de aula. Funcionam como miradouros e como contrafortes para retirar a carga da ab\u00f3bada de barris das salas de aula. Para al\u00e9m disto, proporcionam um espa\u00e7o exterior confort\u00e1vel para os alunos. Os tijolos do terra\u00e7o s\u00e3o colocados atrav\u00e9s da altern\u00e2ncia dos blocos, determinando o ritmo da fachada. O telhado e o beiral s\u00e3o acentuados por camadas de pedra, enquanto o telhado de blocos de terra comprimida \u00e9 unido com uma camada de 20-30 mm de espessura de terra vermelha misturada com cimento para obter uma camada \u00e0 prova de \u00e1gua. As g\u00e1rgulas de cer\u00e2mica feitas \u00e0 m\u00e3o captam a \u00e1gua da chuva e s\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m aplicadas no telhado para ventila\u00e7\u00e3o e para permitir a entrada da luz do dia.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Casas de Professores<\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Para encorajar os professores a vir para a regi\u00e3o Dogon, foram constru\u00eddas casas junto \u00e0 escola. O edif\u00edcio residencial tem tr\u00eas casas e um espa\u00e7o de escrit\u00f3rios para o director. O bloco \u00e9 composto por quatro cofres de barril lado a lado. Cada casa inclui um p\u00e1tio, um hall de entrada e um quarto. Para criar mais privacidade neste bloco, cada casa tem a sua pr\u00f3pria orienta\u00e7\u00e3o. As aberturas das janelas e das portas s\u00e3o acentuadas com uma larga borda de alvenaria. Isto refor\u00e7a a constru\u00e7\u00e3o, bloqueia o sol e resulta num bom sombreamento e ritmo na fachada, caracter\u00edstico da arquitectura Dogon. O director da escola tem um quarto de dormir extra para a sua fam\u00edlia. As casas s\u00e3o utilizadas apenas durante o per\u00edodo escolar.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_110288\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-110288\" style=\"width: 660px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?ssl=1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" class=\"size-large wp-image-110288\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?resize=660%2C371&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?resize=600%2C338&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?resize=750%2C422&amp;ssl=1 750w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?resize=1140%2C641&amp;ssl=1 1140w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?w=1320&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-110288\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of Foundation Dogon Education<\/figcaption><\/figure><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>CONSTRU\u00c7\u00c3O<\/strong><\/p><p>S\u00e3o utilizados diferentes m\u00e9todos e materiais de constru\u00e7\u00e3o na regi\u00e3o Dogon, dependendo da localiza\u00e7\u00e3o exacta. O barro \u00e9 o material de constru\u00e7\u00e3o mais comum, uma vez que v\u00e1rios tipos de barro podem ser encontrados na regi\u00e3o. Em Balaguina, o barro foi tamb\u00e9m a escolha mais \u00f3bvia.<\/p><p>\u00c9 muito importante construir com materiais dispon\u00edveis localmente tanto quanto poss\u00edvel: \u00e9 economicamente mais interessante do que materiais importados, e \u00e9 uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o sustent\u00e1vel e f\u00e1cil de trabalhar com solu\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0 O edif\u00edcio inteiro, as paredes portantes, o telhado curvo e os pisos s\u00e3o feitos de blocos de terra hidraulicamente comprimidos. Os blocos pesam 8,5 quilos cada e podem suportar uma press\u00e3o de 15 N\/mm2. Adiciona-se 3-4% de cimento aos blocos para os tornar resistentes \u00e0 \u00e1gua. As funda\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o feitas de bet\u00e3o vazado. As condutas de ventila\u00e7\u00e3o, constitu\u00eddas por g\u00e1rgulas tradicionais, proporcionam uma ventila\u00e7\u00e3o perfeita. As arma\u00e7\u00f5es das janelas de a\u00e7o foram feitas por artes\u00e3os Mopti familiarizados com a t\u00e9cnica.\u00a0A utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de madeira foi rejeitada porque a madeira nativa \u00e9 escassa, intensiva em m\u00e3o-de-obra e exigente em termos de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o. Outra raz\u00e3o para n\u00e3o utilizar madeira \u00e9 que evita a amea\u00e7a das t\u00e9rmitas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Descri\u00e7\u00e3o dos arquitectos. O local do projecto est\u00e1 localizado na aldeia rural de Balaguina, na regi\u00e3o Dogon do Mali (declarada Patrim\u00f3nio Mundial em 1986), \u00c1frica Ocidental. Uma chave importante para melhorar as condi\u00e7\u00f5es de vida da popula\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 o desenvolvimento da educa\u00e7\u00e3o. A velha escola de Balaguina estava situada num hangar mal constru\u00eddo e dilapidado. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":110286,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":[],"meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1758],"tags":[763],"professionals":[],"style":[],"color":[],"materials":[],"products":[],"size":[],"company":[],"associate":[],"companies-institutions":[],"non-african":[],"region":[],"class_list":["post-76487","post","type-post","status-publish","format-gallery","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-escola-primaria","tag-mali-pt","post_format-post-format-gallery"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Escola Prim\u00e1ria em Balaguina \/ Joop and Jurriaan van Stigt | Apsaidal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Escola Prim\u00e1ria em Balaguin - O projecto n\u00e3o diz apenas respeito \u00e0 constru\u00e7\u00e3o de um novo edif\u00edcio escolar. 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