{"id":76486,"date":[],"date_gmt":"2016-07-25T14:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apsaidal.com\/primary-school-in-balaguina-joop-jurriaan-van-stigt\/"},"modified":"2023-12-27T22:14:50","modified_gmt":"2023-12-27T21:14:50","slug":"primary-school-in-balaguina-joop-jurriaan-van-stigt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apsaidal.com\/fr\/primary-school-in-balaguina-joop-jurriaan-van-stigt\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9cole Primaire \u00e0 Balaguina \/ Joop and Jurriaan van Stigt"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"76486\" class=\"elementor elementor-76486 elementor-1720\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1ee80c08 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1ee80c08\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4709a681\" data-id=\"4709a681\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71bf5f76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71bf5f76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>Description des architectes.<\/em>\u00a0Le site du projet est situ\u00e9 dans le village rural de Balaguina, dans la r\u00e9gion Dogon du Mali (d\u00e9clar\u00e9e site du patrimoine mondial en 1986), en Afrique occidentale. Le d\u00e9veloppement de l&#8217;\u00e9ducation est une cl\u00e9 importante pour l&#8217;am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie de la population. L&#8217;ancienne \u00e9cole de Balaguina \u00e9tait situ\u00e9e dans un hangar mal construit et d\u00e9labr\u00e9. Ce projet pr\u00e9voit la construction d&#8217;un nouveau b\u00e2timent pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins du nombre croissant d&#8217;\u00e9tudiants. Le projet ne concerne pas seulement la construction d&#8217;un nouveau b\u00e2timent scolaire : l&#8217;organisation de l&#8217;enseignement et la r\u00e9alisation de constructions d&#8217;appui, telles que des puits et des logements pour les enseignants, sont essentielles pour faire de ce projet une r\u00e9ussite.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_110294\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-110294\" style=\"width: 660px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?ssl=1\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" class=\"wp-image-110294 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?resize=660%2C371&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?resize=600%2C338&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?resize=750%2C422&amp;ssl=1 750w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?resize=1140%2C641&amp;ssl=1 1140w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-3.jpg?w=1320&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-110294\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of Foundation Dogon Education<\/figcaption><\/figure><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>CONTEXTE<\/strong><\/p><p>Le village est situ\u00e9 sur le plateau de Pinari, \u00e0 environ 40 kilom\u00e8tres au sud-est de Mopti et \u00e0 500 kilom\u00e8tres de la capitale Bamako. Cette r\u00e9gion est situ\u00e9e dans la zone sah\u00e9lienne, qui se caract\u00e9rise par une alternance de saison s\u00e8che et de saison des pluies. La saison des pluies dure environ cinq mois, entre mai et septembre. Durant cette p\u00e9riode, l&#8217;environnement est verdoyant et fleuri, et la temp\u00e9rature atteint 40-45 \u00b0C. La r\u00e9gion devient un paysage aride pendant la saison s\u00e8che. Bien que les activit\u00e9s de construction aient lieu toute l&#8217;ann\u00e9e, le meilleur moment pour la construction est apr\u00e8s la saison des pluies. Pendant la p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9colte, qui dure jusqu&#8217;en octobre, la disponibilit\u00e9 des travailleurs est faible car ils travaillent dans les champs.<\/p><p>L&#8217;\u00e9cole est situ\u00e9e sur la route de Nando et des autres villages environnants. L&#8217;emplacement a \u00e9t\u00e9 soigneusement choisi avec les villageois. Plusieurs aspects principaux ont d\u00e9termin\u00e9 son emplacement : il y avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 un puits pr\u00e8s du terrain, qui pouvait \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pendant le processus de construction et par les enfants \u00e0 l&#8217;avenir ; l&#8217;\u00e9cole sert non seulement les enfants de Balaguina, mais aussi ceux des trois villages environnants. Il devait donc \u00eatre facilement accessible pour les 180-200 \u00e9l\u00e8ves venant de diff\u00e9rents endroits.<\/p><p>En situant l&#8217;\u00e9cole \u00e0 l&#8217;ext\u00e9rieur de Balaguina, sur la route des villages environnants, le b\u00e2timent &#8220;appartient&#8221; \u00e0 tous ces derniers. Une autre raison de cet emplacement est qu&#8217;un b\u00e2timent scolaire ne s&#8217;int\u00e8gre pas dans l&#8217;organisation traditionnelle des villages Dogon, compos\u00e9e de maisons familiales, de maisons pour hommes\/femmes (s\u00e9par\u00e9es) et d&#8217;autels.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_110296\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-110296\" style=\"width: 660px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?ssl=1\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" class=\"size-large wp-image-110296\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?resize=660%2C371&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?resize=600%2C338&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?resize=750%2C422&amp;ssl=1 750w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?resize=1140%2C641&amp;ssl=1 1140w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-4.jpg?w=1320&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-110296\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of Foundation Dogon Education<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>LES PRINCIPES DE BASE<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Utilisation de mat\u00e9riaux locaux \/ technologies de base<\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">L&#8217;un des principaux crit\u00e8res \u00e9tait l&#8217;utilisation de ressources et de mat\u00e9riaux locaux pour r\u00e9aliser un b\u00e2timent \u00e9conomique et durable, qui s&#8217;int\u00e8gre au paysage et s&#8217;adapte aux m\u00e9thodes de construction traditionnelles locales. Ces progr\u00e8s ont inspir\u00e9 des efforts similaires ailleurs ; l&#8217;utilisation de blocs de terre comprim\u00e9e et de techniques de construction innovantes a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9e dans d&#8217;autres projets de la r\u00e9gion.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Processus \u00e9ducatif \/ Implication de la communaut\u00e9<\/em><\/p><p>L&#8217;objectif de ce projet n&#8217;est pas seulement de construire un b\u00e2timent scolaire fonctionnel, mais aussi d&#8217;offrir aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves et \u00e0 la population locale la possibilit\u00e9 d&#8217;apprendre la construction. Le processus de construction joue un r\u00f4le important dans le d\u00e9veloppement durable des techniques de construction locales traditionnelles.<\/p><p>L&#8217;entrepreneur et les artisans locaux ont travaill\u00e9 en \u00e9troite collaboration avec les \u00e9tudiants de l&#8217;\u00e9cole technique de S\u00e9var\u00e9 \u00e0 toutes les \u00e9tapes du processus de construction. Des mesures minutieuses ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises pour am\u00e9liorer et affiner les m\u00e9thodes de construction dans le prolongement des m\u00e9thodes, traditions et connaissances existantes.<\/p><p>La participation de la communaut\u00e9 \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s importante, non seulement parce que construire ensemble fait partie de la tradition Dogon, mais aussi pour cr\u00e9er une responsabilit\u00e9 commune pour l&#8217;entretien du b\u00e2timent dans le futur. En outre, les ma\u00e7ons ont acquis de nouvelles connaissances et exp\u00e9riences, pour construire de mani\u00e8re ind\u00e9pendante et d\u00e9velopper leur propre langage architectural bas\u00e9 sur les blocs de terre comprim\u00e9e.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_110304\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-110304\" style=\"width: 660px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?ssl=1\"><img decoding=\"async\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" class=\"size-large wp-image-110304\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?resize=660%2C371&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?resize=600%2C338&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?resize=750%2C422&amp;ssl=1 750w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?resize=1140%2C641&amp;ssl=1 1140w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-6.jpg?w=1320&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-110304\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of Foundation Dogon Education<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Un climat int\u00e9rieur confortable<\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Comme la temp\u00e9rature atteint facilement 40 degr\u00e9s C et m\u00eame plus, il \u00e9tait essentiel de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer un climat int\u00e9rieur confortable. Des solutions de conception intelligentes et le bon choix de mat\u00e9riaux \u00e9taient n\u00e9cessaires. Le toit en blocs de terre comprim\u00e9e au lieu de plaques de carton ondul\u00e9 et les tuyaux de ventilation ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 un climat agr\u00e9able.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>DESIGN<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Montage<\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Le projet comprend l&#8217;\u00e9cole, les maisons des enseignants, les blocs sanitaires, un puits et un espace ext\u00e9rieur commun. Le terrain sera entour\u00e9 de plantes de Jatropha pour assurer une certaine protection contre les animaux. L&#8217;huile des plantes sera utilis\u00e9e pour la fabrication de carburant biodiesel. L&#8217;\u00e9cole doit r\u00e9pondre aux exigences fix\u00e9es par le gouvernement et le CAP (Centro de Animaci\u00f3n Pedag\u00f3gica). Les \u00e9coles se composent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de groupes de trois salles de classe. Les salles de classe devraient mesurer 7 x 9 m\u00e8tres et accueillir environ 60 \u00e9l\u00e8ves. L&#8217;\u00e9cole de Balaguina est construite en deux phases afin de faire face au nombre croissant d&#8217;\u00e9l\u00e8ves. La premi\u00e8re phase consiste en un b\u00e2timent de trois salles de classe avec une terrasse des deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s. La deuxi\u00e8me phase comprend un autre b\u00e2timent de trois classes, situ\u00e9 \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de la route. Entre ces b\u00e2timents se trouve un groupe d&#8217;arbres pour fournir de l&#8217;ombre. Les logements des enseignants sont dispos\u00e9s en bordure du site et chacun dispose de sa propre cour ferm\u00e9e par des balustrades traditionnelles en pierre taill\u00e9e fabriqu\u00e9es par les villageois de Balaguina. Le bloc de logements se compose de trois maisons, chacune ayant sa propre orientation. Le bureau du directeur fait face \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9cole, ce qui lui permet d&#8217;avoir une bonne vue d&#8217;ensemble. Les maisons des enseignants ne sont pas dans le village, car le village est pour les familles ; les enseignants viennent d&#8217;autres villages et n&#8217;ont pas de famille \u00e0 Balaguina. Le bloc sanitaire est situ\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;angle du terrain, facilement accessible pour les \u00e9l\u00e8ves et les enseignants. Le puits de l&#8217;\u00e9cole a \u00e9t\u00e9 construit de l&#8217;autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la route, de sorte qu&#8217;il peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 par les villageois et que les terrains de l&#8217;\u00e9cole sont toujours destin\u00e9s aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves. La position de l&#8217;\u00e9cole, des maisons et du bloc sanitaire a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9termin\u00e9e par les arbres existants qu&#8217;il fallait pr\u00e9server.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_110308\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-110308\" style=\"width: 660px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?ssl=1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" class=\"size-large wp-image-110308\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?resize=660%2C371&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?resize=600%2C338&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?resize=750%2C422&amp;ssl=1 750w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?resize=1140%2C641&amp;ssl=1 1140w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-7.jpg?w=1320&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-110308\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of Foundation Dogon Education<\/figcaption><\/figure><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>L&#8217;\u00e9cole<\/em><\/p><p>L&#8217;architecture de l&#8217;\u00e9cole et des maisons des enseignants est \u00e9troitement li\u00e9e aux traditions de construction locales. L&#8217;utilisation de blocs de terre comprim\u00e9e permet une int\u00e9gration harmonieuse dans l&#8217;environnement, comme c&#8217;est le cas de presque tous les villages Dogon qui se fondent dans le paysage. Le langage formel est un r\u00e9sultat clair des exigences fonctionnelles.<\/p><p>La structure de l&#8217;\u00e9cole est la seule \u00e0 poss\u00e9der deux terrasses le long des salles de classe. Ils servent de belv\u00e9d\u00e8res et de contreforts pour reprendre la charge de la vo\u00fbte en berceau des salles de classe. En outre, ils offrent un espace ext\u00e9rieur confortable aux \u00e9l\u00e8ves. Les briques de la terrasse sont pos\u00e9es par l&#8217;alternance des blocs, d\u00e9terminant le rythme de la fa\u00e7ade. Le toit et l&#8217;avant-toit sont accentu\u00e9s par des couches de pierre, tandis que le toit en blocs de terre comprim\u00e9e est reli\u00e9 \u00e0 une couche de 20-30 mm d&#8217;\u00e9paisseur de terre rouge m\u00e9lang\u00e9e \u00e0 du ciment pour obtenir une couche imperm\u00e9able. Des gargouilles en c\u00e9ramique faites \u00e0 la main r\u00e9cup\u00e8rent l&#8217;eau de pluie et sont \u00e9galement appliqu\u00e9es sur le toit pour la ventilation et pour laisser entrer la lumi\u00e8re du jour.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><em>Maisons des enseignants<br \/><\/em><\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Pour encourager les enseignants \u00e0 venir dans la r\u00e9gion Dogon, des maisons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construites \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l&#8217;\u00e9cole. Le b\u00e2timent r\u00e9sidentiel comprend trois maisons et un bureau pour le directeur. Le bloc est constitu\u00e9 de quatre vo\u00fbtes en berceau c\u00f4te \u00e0 c\u00f4te. Chaque maison comprend une cour, un hall d&#8217;entr\u00e9e et une chambre. Pour cr\u00e9er plus d&#8217;intimit\u00e9 dans ce bloc, chaque maison a sa propre orientation. Les ouvertures des fen\u00eatres et des portes sont accentu\u00e9es par une large bordure en ma\u00e7onnerie. Cela renforce la construction, bloque le soleil et permet d&#8217;obtenir un bon ombrage et un rythme dans la fa\u00e7ade, caract\u00e9ristique de l&#8217;architecture Dogon. Le directeur de l&#8217;\u00e9cole dispose d&#8217;une chambre suppl\u00e9mentaire pour sa famille. Les maisons ne sont utilis\u00e9es que pendant la p\u00e9riode scolaire.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_110288\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-110288\" style=\"width: 660px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?ssl=1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" class=\"size-large wp-image-110288\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?resize=660%2C371&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"660\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?w=1600&amp;ssl=1 1600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?resize=600%2C338&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?resize=300%2C169&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?resize=1024%2C576&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?resize=768%2C432&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?resize=1536%2C864&amp;ssl=1 1536w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?resize=750%2C422&amp;ssl=1 750w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?resize=1140%2C641&amp;ssl=1 1140w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/apsaidal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Foundation-Dogon-Education_Primary-School-in-Balaguina-2.jpg?w=1320&amp;ssl=1 1320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-110288\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtesy of Foundation Dogon Education<\/figcaption><\/figure><p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>CONSTRUCTION<\/strong><\/p><p>Diff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9thodes et mat\u00e9riaux de construction sont utilis\u00e9s dans la r\u00e9gion Dogon, en fonction de l&#8217;endroit exact. L&#8217;argile est le mat\u00e9riau de construction le plus courant, car on peut trouver diff\u00e9rents types d&#8217;argile dans la r\u00e9gion. \u00c0 Balaguina, l&#8217;argile \u00e9tait \u00e9galement le choix le plus \u00e9vident.<\/p><p>Il est tr\u00e8s important de construire autant que possible avec des mat\u00e9riaux disponibles localement : c&#8217;est \u00e9conomiquement plus int\u00e9ressant que les mat\u00e9riaux import\u00e9s, et c&#8217;est une solution durable et facile \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre.\u00a0 L&#8217;ensemble du b\u00e2timent, les murs porteurs, le toit incurv\u00e9 et les planchers sont constitu\u00e9s de blocs de terre compress\u00e9s hydrauliquement. Les blocs p\u00e8sent 8,5 kilos chacun et peuvent r\u00e9sister \u00e0 une pression de 15 N\/mm2. On ajoute 3 \u00e0 4 % de ciment aux blocs pour les rendre r\u00e9sistants \u00e0 l&#8217;eau. Les fondations sont en b\u00e9ton coul\u00e9. Les conduits de ventilation, constitu\u00e9s de gargouilles traditionnelles, assurent une parfaite a\u00e9ration. Les cadres de fen\u00eatres en acier ont \u00e9t\u00e9 fabriqu\u00e9s par des artisans de Mopti familiaris\u00e9s avec cette technique.\u00a0L&#8217;utilisation du bois a \u00e9t\u00e9 rejet\u00e9e car le bois indig\u00e8ne est rare, demande beaucoup de travail et est exigeant en termes d&#8217;entretien. Une autre raison de ne pas utiliser le bois est d&#8217;\u00e9viter la menace des termites.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Description des architectes.\u00a0Le site du projet est situ\u00e9 dans le village rural de Balaguina, dans la r\u00e9gion Dogon du Mali (d\u00e9clar\u00e9e site du patrimoine mondial en 1986), en Afrique occidentale. Le d\u00e9veloppement de l&#8217;\u00e9ducation est une cl\u00e9 importante pour l&#8217;am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie de la population. L&#8217;ancienne \u00e9cole de Balaguina \u00e9tait situ\u00e9e dans un [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":110285,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":[],"meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1757],"tags":[713],"professionals":[],"style":[],"color":[],"materials":[],"products":[],"size":[],"company":[],"associate":[],"companies-institutions":[],"non-african":[],"region":[],"class_list":["post-76486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-gallery","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ecole-primaire","tag-mali-fr","post_format-post-format-gallery"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00c9cole Primaire \u00e0 Balaguina \/ Joop and Jurriaan van Stigt | Apsaidal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00c9cole Primaire \u00e0 Balaguina - Le projet ne concerne pas seulement la construction d&#039;un nouveau b\u00e2timent scolaire. 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