{"id":73106,"date":[],"date_gmt":"2022-02-15T11:51:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apsaidal.com\/la-tradition-rencontre-linnovation-construire-une-ecole-durable-au-ghana-webuilding\/"},"modified":"2023-11-20T14:38:33","modified_gmt":"2023-11-20T13:38:33","slug":"la-tradition-rencontre-linnovation-construire-une-ecole-durable-au-ghana-webuilding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apsaidal.com\/fr\/la-tradition-rencontre-linnovation-construire-une-ecole-durable-au-ghana-webuilding\/","title":{"rendered":"La tradition rencontre l’innovation: Construire une \u00e9cole durable au Ghana \/ WEbuilding"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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L’objectif de l’\u00e9cole est double : offrir un environnement d’apprentissage positif \u00e0 500 enfants et d\u00e9montrer les avantages de certaines d\u00e9cisions de conception architecturale simples et peu co\u00fbteuses. \u00c0 cette fin, les architectes se sont fix\u00e9 un certain nombre d’objectifs suppl\u00e9mentaires, notamment : un plan d’\u00e9tage flexible pouvant \u00eatre construit par phases et modifi\u00e9 si n\u00e9cessaire, une m\u00e9thode de construction simple, la r\u00e9duction de la longueur de la cl\u00f4ture\/mur ext\u00e9rieur, une meilleure ventilation naturelle et l’utilisation de techniques de construction innovantes qui compl\u00e8tent les m\u00e9thodes de construction locales actuelles.<\/p>

Le complexe fini sera compos\u00e9 de 15 unit\u00e9s identiques de 7x7m, regroup\u00e9es pour former trois cours int\u00e9rieures correspondant \u00e0 trois phases de construction. Ces trois groupes abriteront, respectivement, le jardin d’enfants\/la cr\u00e8che, l’\u00e9cole primaire et l’\u00e9cole secondaire. Cette disposition, qui s’\u00e9carte de la conception habituelle des \u00e9coles longitudinales, courante dans la plupart des pays africains, vise \u00e0 cr\u00e9er une atmosph\u00e8re plus proche de celle d’une petite ville, permettant aux enfants de d\u00e9couvrir un environnement et un sens de l’\u00e9chelle diff\u00e9rents.<\/p>

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Sustainable School in Ghana.<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Cette approche pr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement des avantages techniques : en r\u00e9duisant la taille des unit\u00e9s, il sera plus facile pour chacune d’entre elles de s’adapter \u00e0 la pente du terrain, ce qui permettra de r\u00e9aliser des fondations plus simples n\u00e9cessitant moins de creusement ; et l’incorporation des unit\u00e9s de classe dans le mur de cl\u00f4ture ext\u00e9rieur r\u00e9duira la longueur du mur de 260 \u00e0 95 m\u00e8tres. La d\u00e9cision de rendre toutes les unit\u00e9s identiques (y compris les toilettes, le bureau et l’unit\u00e9 des volontaires) rationalisera la construction, permettant aux travailleurs locaux de ma\u00eetriser de nouvelles techniques par la r\u00e9p\u00e9tition.<\/p>

En termes de durabilit\u00e9 et d’introduction de nouvelles techniques de construction, le projet rencontrera les m\u00e9thodes de construction ghan\u00e9ennes actuelles \u00e0 mi-chemin : il d\u00e9montrera comment l’\u00e9l\u00e9ment de construction de base au Ghana, le bloc de ciment – qui est utilis\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re omnipr\u00e9sente, quelle que soit la taille ou la fonction d’un b\u00e2timent – peut \u00eatre combin\u00e9 avec d’autres options plus durables. En raison du terrain en pente et de la pression lat\u00e9rale du sol qui en r\u00e9sulte, des blocs de ciment, qui r\u00e9sistent mieux \u00e0 l’humidit\u00e9, ainsi qu’une fine dalle de b\u00e9ton, seront utilis\u00e9s pour les fondations du b\u00e2timent. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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Sustainable School in Ghana.<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Dans la partie sup\u00e9rieure, cependant, ils seront remplac\u00e9s par des blocs de terre comprim\u00e9e (CEB) fabriqu\u00e9s sur place. Le CEB, introduit dans les ann\u00e9es 1950 en Am\u00e9rique du Sud, est une technique moderne de construction en terre qui \u00e9voque la construction traditionnelle en briques d’adobe, qui, bien qu’encore courante dans les zones rurales du Ghana, est d\u00e9sormais associ\u00e9e \u00e0 la pauvret\u00e9 et est donc consid\u00e9r\u00e9e avec m\u00e9pris par la population locale. Cette perception n\u00e9gative d’une ressource majeure de construction durable est un probl\u00e8me majeur qui doit \u00eatre surmont\u00e9 pour que les nouvelles id\u00e9es s’imposent.<\/p>

L’objectif du projet n’est donc pas d’inventer de nouvelles choses, mais plut\u00f4t de r\u00e9introduire des technologies, des mat\u00e9riaux et des m\u00e9thodes de conception d\u00e9j\u00e0 existants, ouvrant ainsi la voie \u00e0 des innovations de plus grande envergure qui, \u00e0 long terme, permettront de construire de mani\u00e8re plus \u00e9conomique et plus durable.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L’objectif de l’\u00e9cole est double : offrir un environnement d’apprentissage positif \u00e0 500 enfants et d\u00e9montrer les avantages de certaines d\u00e9cisions de conception architecturale simples et peu co\u00fbteuses. \u00c0 cette fin, les architectes se sont fix\u00e9 un certain nombre d’objectifs suppl\u00e9mentaires, notamment : un plan d’\u00e9tage flexible pouvant \u00eatre construit par phases et modifi\u00e9 si […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":93309,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":[],"meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9093],"tags":[703],"professionals":[],"style":[],"color":[],"materials":[],"products":[],"size":[],"company":[12382],"associate":[],"companies-institutions":[],"non-african":[],"region":[8434],"class_list":["post-73106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-gallery","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-ghana-fr","post_format-post-format-gallery","company-webuilding-fr","region-afrique-de-louest"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa tradition rencontre l'innovation: Construire une \u00e9cole durable au Ghana \/ WEbuilding | APSAIDAL<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L'objectif de l'\u00e9cole est double : offrir un environnement d'apprentissage positif \u00e0 500 enfants, et d\u00e9montrer les avantages de certains...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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